安全指南规定了自动驾驶车辆在公共交通中的使用，预计将进一步增强中国在自动驾驶技术推广和商业化方面的领先地位，专家表示。这份指南由交通部于周二发布，适用于乘客和货运运输服务的自动驾驶车辆，如出租车、公交车和卡车。它涵盖了各种自动化程度的车辆，并规定它们至少携带一名驾驶员或安全检查员。
A safety guideline for the use of driverless vehicles in public transportation is expected to further bolster China's leading position in the popularization and commercialization of self-driving technology, experts said.The guideline, issued on Tuesday by the Ministry of Transport, applies to autonomous vehicles for both passenger and freight transportation services such as taxis, buses and trucks. It covers vehicles with various degrees of automation and mandates that they carry at least one driver or security inspector.
对于货运运输和具有有条件自动化系统的出租车，要求携带一名驾驶员。在地方政府批准的情况下，完全自动的出租车可以在指定区域运营，由一名安全检查员远程监督，指南称。
Autonomous vehicles for freight transportation and taxis with conditional automation systems are required to carry one driver. With the approval of local governments, fully autonomous taxis can operate in designated areas with one security inspector remotely overseeing them, the guideline said.
根据指南，安全检查员应及时接受自动驾驶技术的专业培训，熟悉道路交通安全法规，有在紧急情况下手动控制车辆的能力。
Security inspectors should receive professional training in self-driving technology in a timely manner, master the provisions of road traffic safety laws and regulations, and have the ability to take manual control of such vehicles in case of emergencies, according to the guideline.
指南规定，一名安全检查员不得同时监督三辆以上的自动驾驶车辆，这些车辆应仅在经过道路交通安全评估的指定区域内运营。
It stipulated that one security inspector should not oversee more than three autonomous vehicles at a time, and that these vehicles should operate only in designated areas that have undergone road traffic safety assessment.
文件表示，对于乘客运输服务，应谨慎使用自动驾驶技术，并补充说无人驾驶公交车应在固定路线上运行，道路条件简单，而无人驾驶出租车应在交通状况良好的地区运营，风险更易控制。
Self-driving technology should be used cautiously for passenger transportation services, the document said, adding that driverless buses should operate on fixed routes with simple road conditions and driverless taxis should operate in areas with good traffic conditions, where risks are more manageable.
对于货运服务，该技术应用于点对点的高速公路运输或安全可控的城市道路上。使用自动驾驶车辆运输危险品是被禁止的。
For freight services, the technology should be employed for point-to-point highway transportation or on safe and controlled city roads. Transporting dangerous goods using autonomous vehicles is prohibited.
使用自动驾驶车辆进行公共交通的运营商应获得认证，他们还应确保其车辆具有醒目的图案、颜色、标志或文字，以清晰地告知其他驾驶员该车辆的自动状态。
Operators using driverless vehicles for public transportation should be certified, and they should ensure their vehicles have eye-catching patterns, colors, signs or words to clearly inform other drivers of the vehicles' autonomous status.
“这一指南对推动自动驾驶公交车的发展具有重要意义，”IPG中国首席经济学家白文熙在接受《北京商报》采访时表示。白文熙表示，这一指南将有助于提高公众对自动驾驶技术的认知和接受度，因为它提供了标准化的操作程序和安全措施，使无人驾驶公交车更安全可靠，并提供政策支持和法律保护。
"The guideline is of great significance in promoting the development of autonomous buses," Bai Wenxi, chief economist at IPG China, was quoted as saying by Beijing Business Today.Bai said the guideline will help improve public awareness and acceptance of self-driving technology, as it provides standardized operation procedures and safety measures to make driverless buses safer and more reliable, and also offers policy support and legal protection.
贝恩公司高级顾问潘军表示，自动驾驶公交车的普及可能会受到法律框架和技术标准体系的全面性、市场规模、成本和经济效益等因素的影响。
Pan Jun, a senior consultant at Bain & Company, said the popularity of autonomous buses might be influenced by factors such as the comprehensiveness of the legal framework and the technical standard system, market size, cost and economic efficiency.
潘军说：“随着技术和政策的不断进步，自动驾驶公交车有望在不久的将来得到广泛应用，甚至逐渐取代传统公交车，成为城市公共交通的重要组成部分。”
"With continuous progress in technology and policies, autonomous buses are expected to be widely used in the near future, and even gradually replace traditional buses to become an important part of urban public transportation," Pan said.
中国将自动驾驶技术视为2015年汽车工业未来转型升级的重要方向，并于2018年发布了智能车辆创新发展战略草案。
"Acknowledging the long-term prospects, China took self-driving technology as an important direction in the future transformation and upgrading of the automotive industry in 2015, and unveiled a draft strategy for innovation and development of intelligent vehicles in 2018.
该战略由11个中央政府部门联合发布，消除了汽车、电信和制图服务等跨部门合作的潜在障碍。
The strategy was jointly issued by 11 central government departments, eliminating potential hurdles in cross-departmental collaboration in automotive, telecommunication and mapping services.
作为全国范围内首批推出自动驾驶车辆政策的国家之一，中国鼓励地方政府制定各自的管理法规和支持政策，加强自动驾驶车辆的应用和推广。
As one of the few countries to roll out policies on autonomous vehicles at the national level, China has encouraged local authorities to formulate their respective management regulations and supportive policies, and step up the application and promotion of autonomous vehicles.
作为智能城市基础设施和智能车辆协同发展的试点城市之一，广东省深圳市去年发布了首个智能车辆管理条例。北京在2020年开始建设自动驾驶试点区，到2022年，在北京经济技术开发区启动了中国首个商业自动驾驶车辆服务演示区，机器出租车运营商可以收费，驾驶无人车可以依靠感知设备和物联网进行操作。
As one of the pilot cities for the coordinated development of smart city infrastructure and intelligent vehicles, Shenzhen in Guangdong province issued the first regulation on intelligent vehicle management last year.Beijing started the construction of autonomous driving pilot areas in 2020, and in 2022, launched China's first demonstration area for commercial self-driving vehicle services in the Beijing Economic-Technological Development Area, where robotaxi operators can charge fares and driverless vehicles can operate with the help of sensing devices and internet of things.
