“‘大中午的’你叫啥呀！”“睡会儿午觉怎么了？”前不久，#难道只有山西人午睡吗#等话题冲上热搜，彰显了山西独特的午睡文化。
Shanxi province, a place famous for its vinegar in China, has recently become an internet sensation for its unique siesta culture.
网友们纷纷疑惑，怎么睡午觉还能上热搜？结果，山西的网友们更摸不着头脑：午睡难道不是全国统一？
山西独特的“午睡文化”
8月11日，在山西太原的一家餐馆里，顾客刘女士用完餐刚要起身付款，却发现店里所有人都趴着了。
刘女士介绍，当时是下午两三点，自己到了一家包子铺吃饭，店里就她一个客人，刚吃完一抬头就看到店里所有人都睡着了。“想到我们山西人有午睡的习惯，就感觉很有意思”，她便拍摄下了这段场景。
不少外地顾客也有着相同的经历。一网友也发帖分享自己曾去山西游玩的经历：自己下午三点玩累了想吃顿饱饭，但路边是一家开门的馆子都找不着。当时还觉得“不是饭点居然没饭吃？这地方的商家这么“大牌”吗？
看到这儿，山西的网友们表示，对他们而言，午睡是项从小就得完成的“家庭作业”！
甚至有山西的网友表示，这个时间段，连街上的狗狗都在午休！
图源：@时光颂的闲鱼们
山西网友晒出当地美术馆和图书馆的营业时间，完美印证了网传的夏季午休时间表。
数据更是证明了山西人对午睡的重视。根据“中国睡眠研究会”发布的数据，山西地区的午休占比独占鳌头。
高碳水饮食使人饭后困倦
为何山西人对午睡情有独钟呢？有分析说，由于山西以面、馍等为主食，导致他们摄入碳水较多，这才容易犯困。
CNN的一篇报道解答了人们容易饭后感到困倦的原因。
CNN: 吃完饭后累了?以下是原因，以及如何解决它
文章表示，生理因素是产生这种现象的原因之一。美国营养与饮食学会（Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics）全国发言人桑德拉·阿雷瓦洛（Sandra Arévalo）说，人类进食时，大部分血液都流向消化器官，以处理食物。
Part of this phenomenon is due to basic physiology: When humans eat, most of our blood goes to the digestive organs to process the food, said Sandra Arévalo, US national spokesperson for the Academy of Nutrition and Dietetics.
图源：视觉中国
研究人员发现，进食后，人体可能会产生更多的血清素，一种用于调节睡眠和情绪的神经递质。这种血清素尤其存在于鸡肉、奶酪和鱼等含有大量的必需氨基酸色氨酸的蛋白质食物中。
After a person eats, the body might produce more serotonin, a neurotransmitter that regulates sleep and mood — especially if the food was high in the essential amino acid tryptophan, which is found in proteins such as chicken, cheese and fish, according to the Cleveland Clinic.
此外，除了生理上的原因，有专家表示饭后犯困也可也能是摄入的食物太油腻或含糖量过高。
在文章中，阿雷瓦洛（Arévalo）提到，由于脂肪的分子比蛋白质或碳水化合物的分子大得多，脂肪也是最难消化的营养物质。如果你吃了一顿高脂肪的饭，比如油炸食品或披萨，那可能会让你感到疲劳。
Fats are the hardest nutrient to digest because their molecules are much larger than those of protein or carbs. If you had a meal high in fat — such as fried foods or pizza — that could make you feel tired.
图源：视觉中国
同样，文章提到，因为身体代谢高糖食物的方式与天然或最低限度加工食品中的糖或碳水化合物的方式不同，高添加糖、精制或高度加工的碳水化合物的食物也会产生同样的效果。山西以面、馍等为主食，会使人更易感到疲倦。
Meals high in added sugar or refined or highly processed carbohydrates can have the same effect because of how the body metabolizes these items versus sugar or carbs in natural or minimally processed foods.
午睡的好处有哪些？
午睡有很多益处，包括： ①放松 ②减少疲劳 ③保持清醒 ④改善情绪 ⑤改进工作能力，包括提高反应能力和记忆力 Napping offers various benefits for healthy adults, including: ①Relaxation ②Reduced fatigue ③Increased alertness ④Improved mood ⑤Improved performance, including quicker reaction time and better memory
Taking daytime naps may help maintain brain health as we age, according to a new study.
Habitual napping was linked with larger total brain volume, which is associated with a lower risk of dementia and other diseases, according to researchers from University College London (UCL) and the University of the Republic of Uruguay. On average, the difference in brain volume between nappers and non-nappers was equivalent to 2.5 to 6.5 years of aging, researchers said.
Senior author Dr Victoria Garfield, MRC Unit for Lifelong Health & Ageing at UCL, said: “Our findings suggest that, for some people, short daytime naps may be a part of the puzzle that could help preserve the health of the brain as we get older.” The study, published in the journal Sleep Health, analysed data from people aged 40 to 69. Past research has suggested people who have had a short nap perform better in cognitive tests in the hours afterwards than those who did not nap. The new study looked at whether there was a causal relationship between daytime napping and brain health.
They compared measures of brain health and cognition of people who are more genetically programmed to nap with people who did not have these changes in DNA, using data from 378,932 people from the UK Biobank study.
They found that, overall, people predetermined to nap had a larger total brain volume.
午睡也有注意事项
① 午睡的时间不宜过长，否则适得其反。 一项研究显示，更长时间、更频繁的午睡会增加晚年患神经衰退性疾病、尤其是阿尔茨海默症的风险。 据该研究，每天午休超过一小时的老年人罹患阿尔茨海默症的可能性较每天不午休或每天午休时间少于1小时的人要高足足40％。 First of all, the nap time should not be too long, otherwise there would be no use. Frequent napping or regularly napping for extended periods during the day may be a sign of early dementia. Elderly adults who napped at least once a day or more than an hour a day were 40% more likely to develop Alzheimer's than those who did not nap daily or napped less than an hour a day, according to the study published ② 学会“浅睡眠”。 在一个完整的睡眠周期中，我们会陆续经历五个阶段：清醒期、浅睡眠期、中度睡眠期、深睡眠期和快速眼动期，每个周期总时长大约为90-120分钟。 如果在浅睡眠期醒来，会感觉没那么疲倦。但如果入睡超过30分钟，就容易进入深度睡眠，此时人体血压降低、心率变慢、新陈代谢速度减缓，这时候醒来则可能使人头昏脑胀，醒来后反而感觉更困。对一个成年人来说，为了保证下午工作顺利，浅睡眠的午睡无疑是上佳的选择。 ③ 午睡“姿势”很重要。 图源：视觉中国 相信不少人都有上学时候趴在课桌上休息的经历。然而，这样的午睡姿势实则危害众多。这种姿势使颈部前倾，与颈椎的生理弯曲相反，长期下来就易导致颈椎变形，诱发颈椎病。 此外，这样睡会加重肺部负担，加上午餐后，体内需较多血液流向胃肠来帮忙消化吸收，导致头部血液供应不足，氧气供应不足，引起呼吸不顺，醒后会出现头昏、眼花、耳鸣等大脑缺血缺氧症状。这样不仅没有达到休息的目的，反而加重疲惫感。
你有午睡的习惯吗？
实习生：李经纬 戴博晓
